Uncertainties in mean discharges from two large South American rivers due to rating curve variability
نویسندگان
چکیده
The uncertainty in mean discharge from two large South American rivers (the Amazonas at Obidos, Brazil, and the Parana at Corrientes, Argentina) resulting from variation in the data used to fit rating curves at the two sites is evaluated. For the Amazonas at Obidos, where mean annual discharge over the 27-year period 19701996 was 164 200 m s'\ uncertainty arising from rating curve variability amounted to 2256 m s'\ equivalent to about 16% of year-to-year variability. For the Parana at Corrientes, where mean annual discharge over the 24-year period 1961-1985 was 17597 m s", the uncertainty arising from rating curve variability was 245.3 m s*, equivalent to 4.4% of year-to-year variability in mean discharge. Where volumes of freshwater delivered to the oceans by large rivers must be estimated for climatemodelling or other purposes, ill-defined rating curves contribute to the uncertainty in mean annual discharges, but become of secondary importance where land-use change and other factors cause changes in discharge; and some evidence is advanced to suggest that such changes have occurred in the Parana basin since 1960. L'incertitude concernant les modules de deux grands fleuves d'Amérique du Sud qui résulte de la diversité des méthodes d'ajustement de la courbe de tarage Résumé Cet article présente une estimation de l'incertitude concernant les modules des deux grands fleuves d'Amérique du Sud (L'Amazone à Obidos au Brésil et le Parana à Corrientes en Argentine) qui résulte de la diversité des méthodes d'ajustement de la courbe de tarage. Dans le cas de l'Amazone à Obidos, où le module calculé sur la période 1970-1996 est de 164 200 m s", cette incertitude s'élève à 2256 m s*, soit 16 % de la variabilité interannuelle. Pour le Parana à Corrientes, où le module calculé sur la période 1961-1985 est de 17597 m s', l'incertitude est de 245.3 m s", ce qui équivaut à 4.4 % de la variabilité interannuelle. Lorsqu'il est nécessaire d'estimer les volumes d'eau douce apportés aux océans par les grands fleuves, ce qui est par exemple le cas pour la modélisation climatique, les incertitudes pesant sur les courbes de tarage contribuent à augmenter l'incertitude sur les débits moyens annuels, mais ces erreurs sont secondaires si on les compare aux effets de la modification de l'utilisation des sols dans les grands bassins et on peut avancer quelques éléments prouvant que de telles modifications ont eu lieu sur le bassin du Parana depuis 1960.
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